Before USB, RS232 serial ports on computers had a range of up to 15 m, however USB is limited to a max cable length of 3 to 5 m, depending on data rate. If you can't use wireless and want to extend your USB connection up to 45 m, you can use one of these. The adapters are connected together using Cat 5 network cable. (I've used ordinary alarm cable, but it's supposed to be screened I think). It's only USB 1.1 standard, so not exactly for transferring lots of data fast, but could be useful for connecting to remote measuring instruments.
This product from RS extends USB up to 45 m.