Wednesday, May 29, 2024

Parabolas in Nature

 

The parabola, a geometric shape that can be defined as the locus of points equidistant from an axis called the directrix and a point called the focus.

Parabolas crop up everywhere in nature and in things we make. If you kick a ball or throw a stone up at an angle into the air, the trajectory or path traced out is in the shape of a parabola. Similarly for a jet of water or projectile from a gun. Satellite dishes, radio and optical telescopes, flashlights and car headlamps all have parabolic reflectors because of a useful property of the shape: Rays from the focus of the parabola hitting the reflector are "bounced" outwards in a parallel beam (in the case of a light, heat, microwave or sound source) and vice versa for incoming parallel rays so they're focused on a detector (for a satellite dish or telescope).

Graphic created with Geogebra (GIF export resolution is a bit low and limited to 400 pixels wide, hence the fuzziness, so I have to figure out if it's possible to increase this)